The barangay is the smallest administrative and political unit in the Philippines and serves as the building block of local governance. Sometimes equated with a “village,” “district,” or “ward,” the barangay is the level of government most directly connected with daily community life.
Historical Roots
The barangay traces its origins to the pre-colonial balangay, a term derived from the Malay word for boat. Early Filipino settlers formed compact communities of around 30–100 families, each led by a Datu (chieftain). These kinship-based settlements laid the groundwork for the barangay system that exists today.
During the Spanish colonial era, barangays were reorganized into barrios, which became the official unit of rural administration. The original name “barangay” was formally restored in 1974, when President Ferdinand Marcos issued Presidential Decree No. 557, replacing the term barrio in official use.
Creation and Legal Basis
The Local Government Code of 1991 provides the framework for establishing or altering barangays. The process generally involves:
- Legislation – A law or ordinance passed by Congress or the local government.
- Plebiscite – Approval by the residents of the affected area through a vote.
- Criteria – At least 2,000 inhabitants (or 5,000 in Metro Manila and other metropolitan subdivisions), along with a defined territorial jurisdiction.
Governance Structure
Every barangay is headed by a Barangay Captain (Punong Barangay), supported by the Sangguniang Barangay (Barangay Council) composed of elected Kagawad (councilors). This body enacts ordinances, maintains peace and order, and manages basic services.
The Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) also provides a platform for youth participation in governance, while appointed officials such as the Barangay Secretary, Treasurer, members of the Lupong Tagapamayapa, and Barangay Tanods (community safety officers) support day-to-day operations.
Economic Significance
Barangays differ greatly in their economic standing. While many serve as rural farming or fishing communities, others sit at the heart of the country’s financial districts.
The wealthiest barangay is widely regarded as Barangay San Lorenzo in Makati City, home to high-value residential enclaves and key sections of the Makati Central Business District. Its revenue comes from real estate, commerce, and local business taxes.
Other affluent barangays in Makati include Bel-Air, Dasmariñas, and Forbes Park, which contribute significantly to the city’s tax base due to their concentration of upscale subdivisions and corporate establishments.