Surigao del Sur is a province of the Philippines located in the Caraga Region (Region XIII). The province covers roughly 4,932.70 square kilometers and is composed of 17 municipalities and 2 cities, with a total of 309 barangays. The capital of the province is Tandag, which also serves as the provincial center. Surigao del Sur is also known for its natural wonders, including the Enchanted River in Hinatuan and Tinuy-an Falls in Bislig.

History

Surigao del Sur, located in northeastern Mindanao, was originally inhabited by indigenous groups such as the Mamanwa, Mandaya, and other Lumad peoples, who lived off hunting, fishing, and small-scale farming. The area came under Spanish influence in the late 16th century when explorers and missionaries arrived, introducing Christianity and establishing settlements along the coast. During the Spanish colonial period, Surigao del Sur was part of the larger Surigao Province, administered as a district with limited infrastructure. The Spanish era brought trade, religion, and cultural influences, shaping the local communities while many interior areas remained under the control of indigenous groups. During the American period in the early 20th century, Surigao became part of the Department of Mindanao and Sulu, and in 1960, Surigao Province was divided into Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur, giving the latter its own provincial government and administrative autonomy. Since then, Surigao del Sur has developed its economy through agriculture, fishing, and natural resource management, while becoming known for its scenic sites like the Enchanted River, Tinuy-an Falls, and coastal areas. The province continues to preserve its indigenous culture and heritage while balancing growth, tourism, and environmental conservation.